fenomenológicos

Fenomenológicos refers to adherents of phenomenology, a philosophical movement that investigates the structures of experience as they appear to conscious life, emphasizing the first-person perspective and the description of phenomena without presuppositions or theoretical overlays.

In its origins, phenomenology was developed by Edmund Husserl, who introduced methods such as the epoché or phenomenological reduction to suspend judgments about the external world. The aim is to reveal the essential structures of experience, including intentionality—the idea that consciousness is always about something—and the distinction between noesis (experiencing acts) and noema (the objects as experienced). The concept of the lifeworld (lifewelt) describes the pre-theoretical background of everyday experience that underpins scientific inquiry.

Historically, phenomenology split into different strands. Martin Heidegger recast the project as existential ontology, focusing on Dasein and being-in-the-world. Merleau-Ponty emphasized embodiment and perception as primary, lived phenomena. Jean-Paul Sartre explored freedom, choice, and bad faith through a phenomenological lens. Later developments include hermeneutic phenomenology (Gadamer, Ricoeur), which centers on interpretation and meaning in human life, and various adaptations that address ethics, gender, and culture.

Fenomenológicos have influenced disciplines beyond philosophy, including psychology, sociology, anthropology, and literary theory. Qualitative research often draws on phenomenological methods to describe lived experiences and the structures shaping them, such as perception, embodiment, and intentional horizons.

Critiques commonly target abstractness or difficulties in performing bracketing, yet the approach remains valued for its careful attention to subjectivity and the conditions under which humans experience the world.