fenoksimetyylipenisilliini

Fenoksimetyylipenisilliini, also known as phenoxymethylpenicillin or penicillin V, is a natural penicillin antibiotic. It is a derivative of benzylpenicillin, differing by the replacement of the phenyl group with a phenoxy group. This modification enhances its stability in acidic conditions, making it suitable for oral administration.

Fenoksimetyylipenisilliini is primarily effective against gram-positive bacteria. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis and death. It is commonly prescribed for infections such as streptococcal pharyngitis, scarlet fever, and certain skin infections. It is generally considered a first-line treatment for these conditions due to its efficacy and favorable safety profile.

The oral bioavailability of fenoksimetyylipenisilliini is moderate, and its absorption can be affected by food. It is metabolized in the liver and primarily excreted by the kidneys. Common side effects are usually mild and may include gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions, and hypersensitivity. Serious adverse events are rare but can include severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis.

Resistance to fenoksimetyylipenisilliini can develop, particularly due to the production of beta-lactamase enzymes by bacteria, which hydrolyze the penicillin ring. Therefore, it is not effective against bacteria that produce these enzymes, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Despite the emergence of resistance, fenoksimetyylipenisilliini remains an important antibiotic in clinical practice for susceptible bacterial infections.