fastställdes

Fastställdes is a Swedish verb form meaning that something was officially established, determined, or fixed. It is the preterite passive form of the verb fastställa, and is commonly used in formal, administrative, and legal contexts to indicate that an outcome, date, standard, or figure was set by an authority or through an official process.

Grammatically, fastställdes expresses a past event where the action is performed on the subject by an agent, often introduced with av. The active past tense of fastställa is fastställde. The related adjective fastställd means established or fixed, as in ett fastställt datum. The noun forms fastställande or fastställande av refererar to the act of establishing.

Usage and nuance: fastställdes is typical in government documents, court decisions, regulatory texts, and statistical reports when stating that something has been determined by authorities. It implies formality and official confirmation. The agentive construction av [agent] is common: Beslutet fastställdes av myndigheten.

Related terms: fastställa (to establish/ determine), fastslå (to determine or decide, often with a sense of finality), and fastsätta (to set or fix, especially limits, dates, or values). While these verbs are related, fastställa emphasizes formal determination, fastslå emphasizes final decision, and fastsätta focuses on setting standards or limits.

Etymology: the word stems from fast (fixed) and ställa (to place or set), reflecting the notion of fixing something in place through official action.

See also: fastställda, fastställande, and related administrative terminology.