fanatic

Fanatic is a noun describing a person who shows excessive, uncritical zeal or devotion to a person, cause, or belief. The term often carries a negative connotation, suggesting that the individual’s fervor overrides reason or openness to alternative viewpoints. As an adjective, it can describe actions or attitudes that reflect this intense, uncompromising commitment.

Etymology and history: The word originates from Latin fanaticus, which in turn comes from Greek fanatikos, meaning related to or inspired by a god. Historically used to depict religious fervor in ancient and classical contexts, the term broadened over time to cover intense enthusiasm in secular settings. In English, the pejorative sense accumulated as the idea of excessive zeal extended beyond religion.

Usage and nuance: In contemporary language, “fanatic” can refer to devoted fans of sports, entertainment, politics, religion, or other causes who display extreme loyalty. While some contexts describe merely strong enthusiasm, the term is often employed to criticize perceived rigidity, intolerance, or willingness to justify extreme measures. Distinctions are sometimes made between passionate devotion and dogmatic or violent behavior.

Psychology and social aspects: Some scholars characterize fanaticism as a form of identity-driven commitment, where personal or group identity is tightly fused with the cause. In group dynamics, fanaticism can enhance cohesion and mobilization but may also increase hostility toward outsiders and susceptibility to radicalization. It is not synonymous with mental illness, though extreme or organized behaviors can intersect with social, cognitive, or motivational factors.

See also: zealot, extremism, devotion, zeal, fandom, fanaticism.