fagning

Fagning is a term used in several Nordic languages to describe formal vocational training in a trade, typically obtained through an apprenticeship. The concept combines hands-on work in a skilled trade with accompanying theoretical instruction, and it aims to develop both practical competence and professional knowledge. The word derives from a root meaning "trade" or "craft" and denotes a process of becoming qualified in a specific occupation.

In most systems, a learner begins with placement in a company or workshop under the supervision of an experienced craftsman. The apprenticeship lasts multiple years, during which the learner completes workplace tasks and attends school or training courses. Progress is assessed by on-the-job supervisors and by examinations or portfolio reviews. Upon successful completion, the learner earns a recognized certificate or qualification that authorizes practice in the trade.

Regional usage varies. In Norway and Sweden, fagning is closely linked to vocational tracks within upper secondary education and to formal craftsman qualifications. The apprenticeship model often involves collaboration between schools, employers, and trade associations. Historically, guilds and master-apprentice traditions shaped the system, though modern reforms emphasize standardized curricula and nationwide certification.

Outcomes and role: Fagning provides a pathway to skilled professions without a university degree, supports workforce development, and can serve as a stepping-stone to further training. Critics point to the need for high-quality placements and consistent assessment as essential for credibility. See also: Apprenticeship, Vocational education, Dual education.