fütoremediatsioon

Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various physiological processes of plants to clean up contaminated environments. The term itself is derived from the Greek word "phyto" meaning plant and the Latin word "remediere" meaning to cure or restore. This eco-friendly technology leverages the natural capabilities of plants to absorb, accumulate, degrade, or immobilize contaminants in soil, water, or air.

Different plant species have varying capacities for phytoremediation, depending on their ability to tolerate and accumulate specific pollutants. The process can involve several mechanisms. Phytodegradation involves the breakdown of organic contaminants by plant enzymes. Phytoextraction or phytosorption is the absorption and accumulation of contaminants, often metals, in plant tissues. Phytostabilization involves the reduction of contaminant mobility and bioavailability in the soil through plant uptake and accumulation. Phytovolatilization is the uptake and transpiration of contaminants by plants, which are then released into the atmosphere as a gaseous form.

Phytoremediation offers several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, aesthetic appeal, and minimal environmental disruption compared to conventional methods like excavation or chemical treatment. It is particularly effective for large areas with low to moderate contamination levels. However, the process can be slow, and the harvested plant biomass containing accumulated toxins may require proper disposal. The effectiveness is also dependent on factors such as plant species, contaminant type and concentration, soil conditions, and climate.