eutrofizácii

Eutrofizácii, also known as eutrophication, is a process where a body of water becomes overly enriched with nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus. This enrichment often leads to excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants. When these organisms die, their decomposition consumes large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water, a process that can harm or kill fish and other aquatic life.

The primary drivers of eutrofizácii are human activities, a phenomenon referred to as cultural eutrophication. Agricultural runoff, carrying fertilizers and animal waste, is a major contributor. Urban sewage discharge, industrial waste, and even atmospheric deposition of nitrogen can also play significant roles. Natural eutrophication occurs more slowly over geological timescales as a body of water ages and accumulates sediments and nutrients.

Symptoms of eutrofizácii include algal blooms, which can give the water a cloudy or green appearance. Fish kills are another common indicator. In severe cases, the water can become oxygen-depleted, leading to the formation of "dead zones" where most aquatic life cannot survive.

Preventing and mitigating eutrofizácii involves reducing nutrient inputs into waterways. This can be achieved through improved wastewater treatment, sustainable agricultural practices such as reducing fertilizer use and managing manure, and controlling urban runoff. Protecting and restoring natural buffer zones like wetlands can also help filter out nutrients before they reach the water.