eucalyptol

Eucalyptol, also known as 1,8-cineole, is a natural organic compound classified as a cyclic ether and a monoterpene. It is one of the principal constituents of eucalyptus oil and occurs in various other essential oils. Eucalyptol has a distinctive fresh, camphor-like aroma that contributes to the characteristic scent of eucalyptus and related plants.

Occurrence and production

Eucalyptol is typically obtained by steam distillation of plant material, most prominently from eucalyptus leaves. In many eucalyptus species it is the dominant component of the essential oil, though its proportion can vary with species, growth conditions, and processing methods. Beyond eucalyptus, cineole is found in smaller amounts in a range of essential oils used in fragrances and flavors.

Uses

Eucalyptol is widely used as a flavoring and fragrance ingredient in foods, beverages, cosmetics, and personal care products. It also appears in inhalants, cough remedies, and topical formulations for its scent and cooling sensation. In scientific studies, cineole has demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities in laboratory settings, but clinical evidence and therapeutic efficacy vary by application and formulation.

Safety and regulation

Eucalyptol is generally regarded as safe for its approved uses when used at customary exposure levels in foods, fragrances, and medicines. However, higher concentrations can irritate skin and mucous membranes and ingestion or excessive inhalation can be toxic. It should be used with caution in children, and pregnant or sensitive individuals. Regulatory status varies by jurisdiction, with cineole appearing on lists of approved fragrance and flavor ingredients and as a component in certain medicinal products.