etnosentrisme
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior to others, and the tendency to evaluate other cultures by the standards of one’s own. The term combines Greek ethnos, meaning “nation,” and kentron, meaning “center,” and was popularized by William Graham Sumner in 1906 in Folkways, where he defined ethnocentrism as the view that one’s own group is the center of everything and other groups are measured against it. It can be expressed in attitudes, language, stereotypes, and institutions, influencing social inclusion, policy, and intercultural relations.
Mechanisms and manifestations include in-group favoritism, cultural essentialism, and social norms that reinforce these views. Ethnocentrism
Measurement and study of ethnocentrism rely on surveys, experiments, and qualitative observation. Indicators look at judgments
Relation to other concepts: Ethnocentrism contrasts with cultural relativism, which urges understanding cultures on their own
Critique and nuance: Some scholars view ethnocentrism as a normal feature of social identity, while others