etkileimine

Etkileimine, Estonian for "interaction," refers to the mutual influence between two or more entities that alters outcomes in a way that cannot be explained by examining each part in isolation. It is a core concept across disciplines, used to describe how systems behave as a whole rather than as a simple sum of its parts.

In social sciences, etkileimine describes how people influence each other in communication, relationships, and group dynamics, as well as how social networks shape behavior and norms.

In natural sciences, interactions occur among organisms (predation, competition, mutualism), or at the molecular level (chemical bonds, binding forces) and physical forces (electromagnetic, gravitational).

In medicine and pharmacology, drug interactions occur when one substance alters the effect of another, affecting efficacy or toxicity. In information technology, human–computer interaction studies how people interact with devices and software to achieve goals.

In statistics, interaction effects occur when the effect of one variable depends on the level of another variable; often modeled with interaction terms in regression or ANOVA.

Etkileimine should be distinguished from causation, although the concepts can be related; an interaction can reflect moderation, synergy, or conditional effects rather than a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

See also: mutual influence, interdependence, coevolution.