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Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. Its chemical formula is C2H5OH. Ethanol is a type of alcohol produced naturally by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts. It can also be synthesized from ethylene.

Ethanol is widely used as a solvent in industry and for fuel. It is a key component in alcoholic beverages, where its consumption produces intoxicating effects. In industrial applications, ethanol serves as a solvent for perfumes, flavorings, and other products. It is also used as a feedstock for the production of other chemicals.

As a fuel, ethanol can be blended with gasoline to create various grades of fuel, such as E10 (10% ethanol) and E85 (85% ethanol). This use is promoted as a way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Ethanol can be produced from renewable sources like corn, sugarcane, and cellulosic biomass, making it a biofuel.

Ethanol has a relatively low toxicity, but excessive consumption can lead to alcohol poisoning, liver damage, and other health problems. Inhalation of high concentrations can cause respiratory irritation and central nervous system depression. Safe handling practices are important due to its flammability.