esinenud

Esinenud is an Estonian past participle of the verb esinema (to appear, to perform). It denotes that someone or something has previously appeared or performed. The form is commonly used both predicatively, in combination with the auxiliary olema to form perfect tenses, and attributively to describe a person or a thing that has already performed.

In practice, esinenud appears in contexts such as news reports, concert or festival summaries, and biographical notes. For example, a sentence like "Ta on esinenud paljudel lavadel üle maailma" translates to "He has performed on many stages around the world." As an attributive participle, it can describe a person or act that has performed, for instance in phrases like "esinenud artist" (“an artist who has performed”) or in a program note stating that a piece was performed by esinenud musicians.

Usage notes and equivalents: esinenud is closely related to esinema in meaning, with esinema covering the act of performing or appearing, and esinenud marking completed performance. It contrasts with forms describing ongoing activity, such as esineb (he/she performs) or esinemas (performing).

See also: esinema, esineja (performer). Esinenud is a standard grammatical form in Estonian for indicating past appearance or performance and is widely understood in literary, journalistic, and everyday language.