epididymides

Epididymides are the paired, tightly coiled ducts that store and mature sperm as they transition from the testes to the vas deferens. Each epididymis lies along the posterior border of its testis within the scrotum and is divided into three regions: caput (head), corpus (body), and cauda (tail). The epididymal duct is highly coiled and lined by tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia, and it is surrounded by smooth muscle.

Functionally, the epididymis concentrates and transports sperm and provides an environment for maturation. Spermatozoa enter the head from the efferent ducts, transit through the body, and are stored in the tail until ejaculation. During their stay in the epididymis, they acquire motility and fertilizing capability and are kept in a milieu rich in nutrients and protective proteins.

Clinical significance: Obstruction, infection, or inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) can impair sperm transport and fertility. Acute epididymitis often presents with scrotal pain and swelling and is commonly related to infection, while chronic involvement may contribute to infertility. Epididymal disorders are considered in evaluations of male reproductive health.