eosinophilpredominant

Eosinophil-predominant refers to a pattern in which eosinophils are the dominant inflammatory cell type in a tissue sample or in laboratory findings. It can describe an histopathologic infiltrate, a peripheral blood smear, or a combination of findings where eosinophils outnumber other inflammatory cells such as neutrophils or lymphocytes. This descriptor is descriptive rather than a specific disease.

Causes and contexts in which eosinophil predominance is observed include allergic and atopic conditions (such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis), parasitic infections, and various eosinophilic disorders. Eosinophil-rich infiltrates may also occur in medication reactions, certain autoimmune or vasculitic diseases, and in tumors or tumors-associated inflammatory processes. In the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, skin, and other organs, eosinophil predominance can reflect localized eosinophilic inflammation, as seen in eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic pneumonia, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, or hypereosinophilic syndromes.

Diagnosis relies on the context of clinical presentation and the method of detection. A complete blood count with differential can reveal peripheral eosinophilia (an elevated absolute eosinophil count). Tissue diagnosis through biopsy with histology or immunohistochemistry can demonstrate eosinophil-dominated infiltrates. Correlation with symptoms, imaging findings, and laboratory tests is essential to identify the underlying cause.

Management focuses on treating the underlying condition. Corticosteroids are commonly effective for many eosinophilic disorders, while targeted therapies such as anti–interleukin-5 agents may be used in selected cases.