entablatura

An entablature is a complex architectural element found in classical architecture, specifically within the orders of Greek and Roman architecture. It is the horizontal, continuous lintel-like structure that sits directly above the columns or other vertical supports. The entablature is typically composed of three distinct parts, stacked from bottom to top.

The lowest part of the entablature is the architrave. This element rests directly on the capitals of the columns and serves as a horizontal beam. The architrave's design varies depending on the specific architectural order, but it is generally a plain band.

Above the architrave is the frieze. The frieze is often decorated with sculptures, reliefs, or other ornamentation, though in some orders it may be plain. The nature of the decoration in the frieze is a key distinguishing feature of the different classical orders.

Crowning the entablature is the cornice. This is the uppermost and most projecting element, designed to crown the structure and often to protect the frieze and architrave from the elements. The cornice can be simple or elaborate, featuring moldings and sometimes decorative elements like dentils or modillions. Together, the architrave, frieze, and cornice form a unified and visually significant component of classical building design.