enkeltnukleotidpolymorfi

Enkeltnukleotidpolymorfi, commonly referred to as SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism), is a type of genetic variation that occurs when a single nucleotide (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine) in the DNA sequence is altered. SNPS are the most common type of genetic variation among humans. They are typically found in non-coding regions of the genome, but can also occur in coding regions, potentially leading to amino acid changes in proteins.

SNPs can have various effects on an individual's phenotype, ranging from neutral to potentially harmful. Some SNPs may influence the risk of developing certain diseases, while others may affect drug response or susceptibility to infections. SNPs are also used in genetic testing and forensic analysis.

SNPs are often studied in the context of population genetics, as they can provide insights into human evolution and migration patterns. They are also utilized in medical research to identify genetic markers associated with diseases and to develop personalized medicine approaches.

SNPs can be detected using various molecular biology techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The Human Genome Project and subsequent studies have identified millions of SNPs in the human genome, contributing to our understanding of genetic diversity and its implications for health and disease.