endòcrines

Endòcrines, more commonly known as endocrine glands, are a group of ductless glands in the human body that produce and secrete hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target cells and organs, regulating a wide range of bodily functions. The endocrine system works in conjunction with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis, the body's stable internal environment.

Major endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, often called the master gland due to its control over other endocrine glands, and the thyroid gland, which regulates metabolism. The adrenal glands, located atop the kidneys, produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, essential for stress response and metabolism. The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions, with its endocrine portion producing insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.

Other important endocrine glands are the ovaries in females, producing estrogen and progesterone, and the testes in males, producing testosterone, both crucial for reproductive development and function. The pineal gland produces melatonin, influencing sleep-wake cycles. Dysfunction of these glands can lead to various hormonal imbalances and diseases, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and growth abnormalities. The intricate interplay of these glands ensures the proper functioning and regulation of numerous physiological processes.