endoteelidysfunktio
Endothelial dysfunction refers to the impaired function of the endothelium, the thin layer of cells that lines
Several factors can contribute to endothelial dysfunction, including:
1. High blood pressure, which can damage the endothelium and lead to inflammation and oxidative stress.
2. High cholesterol levels, which can accumulate in the arteries and cause inflammation and endothelial damage.
3. Smoking, which releases harmful chemicals that damage the endothelium and promote inflammation.
4. Diabetes, which can cause endothelial dysfunction through mechanisms such as increased oxidative stress and inflammation.
5. Obesity, which is associated with endothelial dysfunction through mechanisms such as increased inflammation and oxidative
Endothelial dysfunction can be diagnosed through various methods, including:
1. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test, which measures the ability of the endothelium to relax in response to
2. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) ultrasound, which measures the thickness of the artery wall and can
3. Endothelial function tests, which measure the release of nitric oxide, a vasodilator produced by the
Treatment of endothelial dysfunction typically focuses on addressing the underlying risk factors, such as:
1. Lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation.
2. Medications, such as antihypertensives, statins, and antiplatelets, to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and prevent blood
3. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which can improve endothelial function by
In conclusion, endothelial dysfunction is a critical factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Early diagnosis