endoprothèses

Endoprotheses are medical devices surgically implanted within the body to replace or support damaged biological structures. The term "endo" signifies that the device is internal, contrasting with "exo" prostheses which are external. These implants are designed to restore function, alleviate pain, or improve the quality of life for individuals experiencing conditions like osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, or skeletal injuries.

Common types of endoprotheses include joint replacements, such as artificial hips, knees, and shoulders, which are often made from materials like metal alloys, ceramics, and durable plastics to mimic the properties of natural cartilage and bone. Cardiovascular endoprostheses encompass devices like stents, which are used to open blocked arteries, and artificial heart valves, designed to regulate blood flow. Other applications include vascular grafts to bypass damaged blood vessels and cochlear implants to restore hearing.

The design and materials used in endoprostheses are critical for their success. They must be biocompatible, meaning they do not provoke an adverse immune response, and durable enough to withstand the mechanical stresses of daily activity. Over time, research and development continue to improve the longevity, functionality, and integration of these internal implants with the patient's body, often employing advanced biomaterials and manufacturing techniques. The implantation procedure is a significant surgical intervention requiring careful planning and execution by medical professionals.