emolienty

Emolienty, known in English as emollients, are substances applied to the skin to soften, smooth, and improve its barrier function. They are widely used in skincare products and medical preparations to counteract dryness, roughness, and irritation.

They work mainly by forming a protective, occlusive film on the skin surface that reduces transepidermal water loss and by supplying lipids that help restore the structure of the stratum corneum. Some emollients also act as humectants, drawing water from the deeper skin layers or the environment to help maintain moisture. Emollients can be lipid-based or non-lipid, and include a range of ingredients with different textures and potencies.

Common categories and examples include occlusives such as petrolatum, mineral oil, and silicones (e.g., dimethicone); lipid-based emollients like triglycerides, esters, shea butter, and plant oils; and lipid-replenishing agents such as ceramides and cholesterol. Humectants, including glycerin and propylene glycol, may be present to attract water. Emollients are often combined in moisturizers to balance lubrication, moisture retention, and skin feel.

Indications include dry skin, xerosis, eczema (atopic dermatitis) flare-ups, psoriasis-related dryness, diaper rash, and post-inflammatory or sun-exposed irritation. They are used alone or as part of a broader treatment plan that may include corticosteroids or other therapies. People with sensitive skin or fragrance allergies should consider fragrance-free or hypoallergenic formulations.

Safety considerations are generally favorable, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions to certain components such as fragrances, preservatives, or lanolin. For acne-prone skin, lighter, noncomedogenic formulations may be preferred. Emollients are a core component of moisturizers and skin-care regimens aimed at improving skin hydration and barrier integrity.