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Life expectancy refers to the average number of years a person is expected to live. It is a statistical measure influenced by a complex interplay of factors including genetics, lifestyle choices, socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and environmental conditions.

Globally, life expectancy has significantly increased over the past century due to advancements in medicine, public health initiatives, and improved living standards. However, considerable variations exist between different countries and even within populations of the same nation. These disparities often reflect differences in healthcare systems, nutrition, sanitation, and the prevalence of diseases.

Predicting an individual's life expectancy is an inexact science. While statistical models can provide probabilities based on demographic data and health indicators, personal circumstances can lead to outcomes that deviate from the average. Factors such as diet, exercise, smoking habits, and the presence of chronic illnesses play a crucial role in determining how long an individual might live. Furthermore, unexpected events like accidents or sudden illnesses can also impact lifespan.

Research into aging and longevity continues to explore ways to extend healthy human life. Scientists investigate genetic predispositions, cellular processes related to aging, and the impact of various interventions on lifespan. Understanding the determinants of life expectancy remains a key area of demographic and public health research, aiming to improve health outcomes and inform policy decisions.