elektrvõnkumised

Elektrvõnkumised, also known as electrical oscillations, refer to the periodic fluctuations of electric charge, current, or voltage in a circuit. These oscillations typically occur in circuits containing both reactive components, such as capacitors and inductors, and a source of energy. When these components are connected, they can store and release electrical energy, leading to a cyclical exchange of energy between them.

The most basic form of electrical oscillation is observed in a simple LC circuit, consisting of an inductor and a capacitor. When a charged capacitor is connected to an inductor, the charge flows from the capacitor through the inductor, creating a current. This current, in turn, generates a magnetic field in the inductor, which stores energy. As the capacitor discharges, the magnetic field in the inductor collapses, inducing a voltage that recharges the capacitor, but with the opposite polarity. This process repeats, resulting in oscillations.

The frequency of these oscillations is determined by the values of the inductance (L) and capacitance (C) in the circuit, according to the formula f = 1 / (2π√(LC)). In real-world circuits, resistance is always present, which causes the oscillations to gradually decrease in amplitude over time. These are known as damped oscillations. If energy is continuously supplied to the circuit, the oscillations can be sustained, leading to phenomena like resonance. Electrical oscillations are fundamental to many electronic devices, including radio transmitters and receivers, oscillators, and signal generators.