elektronitason

An elektronitason, often translated as electron shell or energy level, refers to a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are most likely to be found. These regions are not fixed orbits but rather probability distributions described by quantum mechanics. Electrons within the same elektronitason possess similar energy levels.

The elektronitason are designated by principal quantum numbers, represented by integers starting from 1 (n=1, n=2, n=3, and so on). The innermost elektronitason, n=1, is the closest to the nucleus and has the lowest energy. As the principal quantum number increases, the elektronitason moves further from the nucleus and has higher energy. Each elektronitason can hold a specific maximum number of electrons. The first elektronitason (n=1) can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the second (n=2) can hold up to 8, and the third (n=3) can hold up to 18, with further shells accommodating more.

Within each principal elektronitason, there can be subshells, denoted by azimuthal quantum numbers (l=0, 1, 2, ... n-1), which are commonly referred to as s, p, d, and f subshells. These subshells have slightly different shapes and energy levels. The arrangement of electrons in these elektronitason and subshells, known as the electron configuration, dictates an atom's chemical properties and its ability to form chemical bonds. The outermost electrons, residing in the valence elektronitason, are particularly important in determining an element's reactivity.