elektrodialýza

Elektrodialýza is an electrochemical separation process that uses ion-exchange membranes and an electric potential difference to separate ions from a solution. It is a type of electrodialysis that specifically refers to the application of these principles to industrial processes. The core of the process involves alternating cation-exchange and anion-exchange membranes arranged between electrodes. When a DC electric field is applied across the system, positively charged ions (cations) migrate towards the negative electrode, and negatively charged ions (anions) migrate towards the positive electrode. The selective nature of the ion-exchange membranes allows only ions of a specific charge to pass through each membrane, effectively separating them into different compartments. This results in a more concentrated stream of ions and a more dilute stream.

Elektrodialýza finds application in a variety of industries. It is commonly used for water desalination, particularly for brackish water, where it removes dissolved salts. Other applications include the concentration of whey in the dairy industry, the recovery of salts from industrial wastewater, and the purification of solutions in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. The efficiency of elektrodialýza depends on factors such as the membrane properties, the applied voltage, the concentration of the feed solution, and the flow rate. It offers an energy-efficient alternative to other separation methods for certain applications.