elektrodearrangement

Elektrodearrangement, or electrode arrangement, refers to the spatial distribution, number, and connections of electrodes in a system that measures or applies electrical signals. The arrangement determines how signals are collected, how currents or fields flow, and the sensitivity, resolution, and noise of the measurement or stimulation.

In biomedical sensing and stimulation, electrode montage describes how electrodes are placed on the body or scalp. This influences which anatomical regions contribute to the signal and how the underlying currents spread. Common contexts include electroencephalography (EEG), electrocorticography, transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS, tACS), and electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Standards such as electrode grids, rings, or the 10-20 system in EEG provide reproducibility and affect source localization and image quality. High-density arrays can improve spatial resolution at the cost of increased complexity.

In electrochemistry and electroanalysis, electrode arrangement refers to the configuration of working, reference, and counter electrodes in a cell. A three-electrode setup controls the potential at the working electrode, while a four-electrode (Kelvin) configuration minimizes the influence of solution resistance. The geometry and placement of electrodes influence current distribution, polarization effects, and measurement accuracy, especially at micro- and nano-scales.

Practical design considerations include electrode size, shape, material, and surface treatment; contact impedance with the tissue or electrolyte; spacing and geometry; and safety limits for currents and potentials. Computational modeling and experiments help optimize arrangements for target sensitivity, resolution, and patient comfort.