elektrochemi

Elektrochemi is the study of chemical processes that involve the movement of electrons and ions, and the interconversion between chemical and electrical energy. The field examines redox (reduction–oxidation) reactions at interfaces between electronic conductors (electrodes) and ionic conductors (electrolytes), and it describes how applied potentials drive chemical change or how spontaneous chemical reactions generate electrical current.

Fundamental concepts include electrodes, electrolytes, half-reactions, cell potential, and the Nernst equation, which relates concentration to electrode potential. Faraday’s laws quantify the relationship between the amount of electric charge passed and the amount of substance transformed. Electrochemical cells are commonly classified as galvanic (voltaic) cells that produce electricity from spontaneous reactions, and electrolytic cells where external voltage induces non-spontaneous reactions.

Applications of elektrochemi are broad and central to modern technology and industry. They include batteries and fuel cells for energy storage and conversion, electrolysis for chemical synthesis, corrosion science and protection, electroplating and surface finishing, sensors such as pH meters and electrochemical biosensors, and analytical techniques like voltammetry and potentiometry. Research areas explore materials for electrodes, ion-conducting membranes, mechanistic studies of interfacial reactions, and scaling laboratory processes for industrial use.

The discipline is interdisciplinary, connecting physical chemistry, materials science, and engineering, and continues to evolve as societies seek efficient energy technologies and sustainable chemical processes.