electricalgrid
The electrical grid is the network that delivers electricity from producers to consumers through generation sites, transmission lines, substations, and distribution systems. It links power plants—from fossil fuels, nuclear, and hydro to wind and solar—to homes, businesses, and industries. The grid transmits electricity at high voltage and steps it down for local use, enabling reliable delivery.
Structure and operation: Electricity is generated, stepped up for transmission, routed through lines and substations, then
Markets and governance: In many regions, independent system operators (ISOs) or regional transmission organizations (RTOs) manage
Modernization and challenges: Integrating variable renewables, energy storage, and distributed resources requires smart grid technologies, advanced
History and outlook: The grid expanded with AC transmission in the 20th century, enabling long-distance power