ekadashi

Ekadashi refers to the eleventh day of each lunar fortnight in the Hindu calendar. It occurs on the eleventh day (the eleventh tithi) of both the waxing (Shukla) and waning (Krishna) fortnights, so there are two Ekadashis in most lunar months. The observance is especially associated with the worship of Vishnu and is observed by many Hindus, particularly followers of Vaishnavism, though practices vary by region.

Fasting is central to the vrata. Many devotees abstain from grains, beans, and certain vegetables on Ekadashi and observe fasting from before sunrise until the following sunrise. Some followers observe a stricter nirjala or no-water fast; others practice a lighter form known as phalahar, consuming fruits, milk, and water. In addition to fasting, practitioners may perform puja to Vishnu, recite or listen to passages from the Vishnu Purana or Padma Purana, chant mantras such as Om Namo Narayanaya, and visit temples or perform kirtan.

Significance: Ekadashi is believed to purify the mind and body, reduce negative karma, and advance spiritual progress toward moksha. While all Ekadashis hold religious value, certain ones—such as Vaikunta Ekadashi—are regarded as particularly auspicious in Vaishnava tradition. The observance reflects a rhythm of fasting, prayer, and self-control that recurs monthly in the Hindu lunar calendar and varies by regional practice.