egotism

Egotism is the habit of valuing oneself, or speaking and thinking of oneself, to an excessive degree. It denotes self-importance or self-centeredness and often manifests as constant self-reference, boastfulness, or a belief that one’s own interests are paramount. Egotistical behavior tends to downplay the needs or perspectives of others and can hinder social interaction.

Etymology and usage: Egotism originates from the Latin ego meaning “I” and entered English through French egotisme in the early modern period. The term has long carried a negative connotation in many cultures, signaling an inflated sense of self and a disposition to prioritize oneself above others.

Distinctions: The term is distinct from egoism, which in ethical or philosophical contexts refers to the view that actions should be guided by self-interest. It is also different from egocentrism, a cognitive bias characterized by viewing the world primarily from one’s own perspective. Egotism focuses on the manner of talking about and emphasizing the self rather than on particular beliefs about motivation or knowledge. In psychology, egotism is used descriptively to describe self-absorption rather than as a formal diagnosis.

Social implications: In everyday use, egotism is often cited as a liability in relationships and teamwork, as it can impede empathy and cooperation. It can overlap with or be overshadowed by narcissistic traits when self-regard becomes extreme. Some contexts distinguish confident self-presentation from egotism, recognizing that moderate self-esteem is not the same as persistent self-centeredness.

See also: egocentrism, narcissism, egoism.