düsenteeria

Düsenteeria is an infectious disease that affects the intestines, primarily the colon. It is caused by specific types of bacteria belonging to the genus Shigella. The most common strains responsible for dysentery are Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, and Shigella sonnei.

The disease is characterized by severe diarrhea, often containing blood, mucus, and pus. Other common symptoms include fever, abdominal cramps, and a feeling of urgency to defecate. Transmission typically occurs through the fecal-oral route, meaning the bacteria are ingested through contaminated food or water, or by direct contact with an infected person. Poor hygiene practices, such as inadequate handwashing, contribute significantly to its spread, especially in areas with poor sanitation.

Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical symptoms and can be confirmed by laboratory tests that identify Shigella bacteria in stool samples. Treatment primarily involves rehydration to replace lost fluids and electrolytes due to diarrhea. Antibiotics are often prescribed to kill the bacteria and shorten the duration of the illness, although resistance to certain antibiotics can be a concern.

Prevention focuses on improving sanitation, ensuring access to clean drinking water, and promoting good personal hygiene, particularly thorough handwashing with soap and water. Vaccination is not currently available for dysentery.