drivkæder

Drivkæde, also known as a drive chain or chain drive, is a mechanical linkage that transmits power from one shaft or component to another by means of a loop of interlocking links. The basic principle relies on meshing between the chain links and the teeth of sprockets or pulleys, enabling efficient torque transfer while accommodating small positional adjustments.

The earliest documented use of chain drives dates back to the Roman Empire, where simple chain arrangements were employed in water mills and early bicycles. The modern high‑strength steel chain was introduced in the late 19th century, revolutionizing industry with its durability and ability to handle high loads. Today, drivkæder are ubiquitous in bicycles, motorcycles, tractors, conveyors, and many types of machinery.

Drivkæder are classified primarily by pitch size, which is the distance between the centers of adjacent pins, and by link shape. Common pitches include 1/2 inch (12.7 mm), 5 mm, and 7 mm. The outer width of the chain is determined by the depth of the pin holes in the sprockets. In high‑speed or high‑tension applications, hardened or alloy chains with complex link designs are used to reduce wear.

Advantages of chain drives include high power-to-weight ratios, low cost, and ease of maintenance. However, they can suffer from wear, require regular lubrication, and may generate noise and vibration. Compared with belt drives, chains can transmit larger torques but are less flexible in routing.

Maintenance of a drivkæde consists of periodic cleaning, lubrication, and tension adjustment. Chains that remain underlubricated or over‑tensioned may crack, while incorrect sprocket spacing can lead to slippage or excessive wear.

Modern developments in chain technology focus on lightweight materials such as aluminum or composite alloys, improved lubrication systems, and engineered wear‑resistant surfaces to extend service life in demanding industrial settings.