drivesystem

A drive system is the mechanism that transmits mechanical power from a source to a load to produce motion. It is a fundamental part of machinery, vehicles, and robots, designed to convert energy into controlled movement with appropriate torque and speed.

Core components typically include a power source (such as an internal combustion engine, electric motor, or hydraulic pump), a transmission or gearing arrangement, torque transfer elements (driveshafts, differentials, or axles), and the driven elements (wheels, tracks, or actuators). A control subsystem, which may be electronic, hydraulic, or mechanical, governs gear selection, torque distribution, and speed coordination.

Drive systems are commonly classified by the principle of power delivery and by configuration. Mechanical drive systems rely on gears, belts, or chains to transfer motion. Electrical drive systems use electric motors with electronic controllers to regulate speed and torque. Hydraulic or pneumatic drive systems employ fluid power to actuate motors and cylinders. Configurationally, drive systems can be wheel-based, track-based, or, in some robotics applications, legged. Many systems include a differential to distribute torque between outputs; in electric vehicles, motors may be arranged to drive multiple wheels directly.

Performance aspects and design tradeoffs include efficiency, space, weight, cost, noise, and maintenance requirements. Torque, speed, and power handling depend on motor characteristics and gearing. Advanced drive systems may feature traction control, torque vectoring, regenerative braking, and drive-by-wire controls to improve handling and energy efficiency.

Applications span automobiles and trucks, construction and agricultural machinery, conveyors, industrial robots, and mobile robotics. See also drivetrain, driveline, and powertrain.