dottore

Dottore is an Italian title used to refer to a person who has earned a university degree, typically a laurea. It indicates academic qualification rather than a professional license; however, physicians are commonly addressed as dottore in everyday speech. In contemporary Italian usage the standard forms are Dottore for a man and Dottoressa for a woman. In writing you may see the abbreviations Dott. or Dott.ssa before a name.

Etymology and history: The term comes from the Latin doctor, meaning teacher or learned person, and entered Italian through medieval university culture. In Italy the formal designation for a medical doctor is usually "medico" or "medico chirurgo" rather than just "dottore," although many doctors are addressed as dottore in common conversations.

Scope and distinctions: A Dottore di ricerca (PhD) is someone who has completed a doctoral program; in many contexts they are still addressed as Dottore, though more precise forms such as "Dottore di ricerca" or the individual's specific title may be preferred. The title Dottore is used broadly for laurea holders across fields, including humanities and sciences.

Usage context: The title is often used in formal introductions, professional correspondence, and social settings, though its use can vary by region, institution, and personal preference. In academic and professional settings, the more specific credential or job title is frequently used instead of the generic form.