doslovný

Doslovné is a term used in Czech and Slovak to describe literal, word-for-word rendering. It refers to translations, quotes, or renditions that aim to preserve the exact wording of the source text rather than adapt it to the target language’s idiomatic usage. The corresponding adverb is doslovně, and the related noun form is doslovnost.

Etymology and scope: Doslovné derives from slovo (word) with the prefix do-, meaning “to the word.” The concept is common in linguistics, translation studies, law, and journalism, where precision of wording is important. It is often contrasted with expressions like volný překlad (free translation) or interpretativní překlad (interpretive translation).

Usage and distinctions: In translation studies, doslovný překlad seeks to reproduce lexical content and form, which can produce awkward or misleading results in languages with different idioms or syntax. In contrast, a volný překlad prioritizes sense and readability. In legal and technical contexts, doslovný text is essential when exact wording matters, such as verbatim quotes, contractual clauses, or statutory provisions. Doslovnost may be valued for accuracy, but it can reduce clarity if natural expression is sacrificed.

Examples: A doslovný překlad of an idiom like “kick the bucket” would be a literal rendering that obscures meaning, whereas a more natural Czech equivalent would convey the sense. A doslovný citát reproduces the source text exactly as written, with proper quotation marks and citation.