dortografia

Dortografía is commonly a misspelling of ortografía, the term used in Spanish and Portuguese for the system of writing conventions of a language. In standard usage, orthography refers to the set of rules that govern the correct spelling of words, including the use of diacritics, punctuation, capitalization, and hyphenation. Orthography is not merely about spelling in isolation; it reflects conventions that encode sound, meaning, and word structure, and these conventions can vary between dialects or evolve over time.

Most languages have an official or widely accepted orthography codified by linguistic authorities or language academies. A given orthographic system regulates how letters and diacritics are used, how punctuation marks appear, when capitals are applied, and how words are hyphenated. It may also address the treatment of loanwords, proper nouns, abbreviations, and regional variants. Orthographic standards are often revised through reforms to reflect changes in pronunciation, to simplify spelling, or to harmonize writing across different varieties of the language.

In practice, orthography underpins literacy, education, lexicography, and cross-cultural communication. Modern technologies such as spell checkers, word processors, optical character recognition, and natural language processing rely on predefined orthographic rules. Orthographic reforms, as well as debates about standardization and language planning, continue to shape how a language is taught and used, balancing historical tradition with practical needs for clarity and accessibility.