domaingeography

Domaingeography is an interdisciplinary field that studies the geographic dimensions of the domain name system (DNS) and how domain names are used around the world. It analyzes where domains are registered, hosted, and resolved, and how geographic, political, and economic factors shape the structure of the internet’s naming system. The field covers the distribution of country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs), the market share of registrars, regional patterns in generic top-level domain (gTLD) adoption, and the spatial organization of DNS infrastructure such as registries, registrars, root servers, and exchange points. It also considers latency, censorship, localization, and regulatory geography that influence domain presence.

Methodologically, domaingeography relies on geospatial analysis of registration data, zone files, WHOIS records (subject to privacy constraints), DNS query data, and infrastructure mappings. Researchers visualize maps of domain density, compute regional variation in domain-name usage, and study how policy changes, such as changes in ccTLD rules or internationalization, alter the geographic landscape.

Historically, the concept emerged from studies of internet geography and information science as researchers sought to tie digital naming to physical space. It has grown alongside the expansion of new gTLDs and increasing globalization of the domain market.

Applications include market analysis for hosting and localization, policy assessment of internet governance, cybersecurity awareness (mapping phishing or malware domains by region), and infrastructure planning for resilient DNS ecosystems.

See also: Geography of the Internet, Internet governance, Domain Name System.