dispersus

Dispersus is a term used in theoretical ecology to denote a class of seed-dispersal strategies in which plant propagules exploit multiple dispersal vectors and pathways to achieve broad or targeted spatial spread. The concept is not a taxon but a framework for comparing species that employ more than one dispersal mode, such as combining wind dispersal with animal-mediated transport or exploiting ballistic release in conjunction with secondary dispersal by animals. The name derives from the Latin dispersus meaning "scattered" and was introduced to help describe the functional diversity of dispersal syndromes beyond single-mode categories.

In practice, dispersus situations involve traits that enhance cross-scale dispersal: fruits or propagules that attract animals, structures that catch wind, and timing that aligns release with animal movement or favorable weather events. Ecologists study dispersus as part of seed-dispersal networks and landscape connectivity, using models that integrate vectors, habitats, and behavioral aspects of dispersers.

Interpretations of dispersus vary; some researchers treat it as an intermediate regime between endozoochory and anemochory, while others view it as a niche for urban or fragmented landscapes where multiple vectors operate sequentially. Limitations include data scarcity and the difficulty of disentangling overlapping dispersal phases. Nevertheless, the concept supports a more nuanced understanding of gene flow, colonization potential, and community assembly in changing environments.