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disciplinesphysics

Disciplines in physics are the organized branches that study matter, energy, and their interactions. While physics as a whole seeks universal principles, its disciplines focus on particular questions, scales, and methodologies. Researchers typically distinguish theoretical, experimental, and computational approaches, which shape the questions asked and the techniques used.

Theoretical physics develops models, equations, and conceptual frameworks to predict phenomena and explain observations. Experimental physics

Major subdisciplines include atomic, molecular, and optical physics; condensed matter physics; nuclear and particle physics; astrophysics

Methods and tools common to these disciplines include accelerators, telescopes, spectrometers, and detectors; lasers and cryogenic

designs
and
performs
measurements
to
test
theories
and
discover
new
effects.
Computational
physics
uses
simulations
and
numerical
methods
to
explore
complex
systems
that
are
difficult
to
solve
analytically.
and
cosmology;
plasma
physics;
geophysics
and
atmospheric
physics;
biophysics;
chemical
physics;
and
medical
physics.
Many
fields
are
interdisciplinary,
combining
techniques
from
chemistry,
engineering,
computer
science,
and
biology.
systems;
and
high-performance
computing
for
simulations.
The
disciplines
are
supported
by
universities,
national
laboratories,
and
international
collaborations,
with
researchers
often
working
across
borders
and
subfields.
Ongoing
advances
in
instrumentation,
theory,
and
computation
continually
redefine
boundaries
and
give
rise
to
new
specialized
areas,
ensuring
that
physics
remains
a
dynamic
and
interconnected
landscape
of
inquiry.