digitalbook

Digital book, or e-book, is a book-length work in digital form that can be read on electronic devices such as e-readers, tablets, smartphones, and computers. Digital books may be delivered via download or streaming and can include features such as search, hyperlinks, annotations, and adjustable text size.

Common formats include reflowable formats like EPUB and MOBI/AZW, which adapt to different screen sizes, and fixed-layout formats like PDF, which preserve exact page layouts. EPUB is the most widely supported open standard; Kindle formats are proprietary. Digital books may be protected by digital rights management (DRM) or offered DRM-free. Accessibility features such as text-to-speech and compatible screen readers are supported in several formats and through standards like DAISY.

Distribution and access: digital books are sold through online retailers, library lending platforms, and subscription services. Open-access and public-domain titles are available from projects such as Project Gutenberg and Open Library. Self-publishing platforms enable authors to publish directly to digital storefronts.

Advantages include portability, instant delivery, searchability, and reduced physical production costs. Limitations include format fragmentation, dependence on devices and platforms, potential DRM restrictions, and concerns about digital rights and piracy. Accessibility challenges can arise for some readers, though standards and assistive technologies mitigate these issues.

History and impact: digital books emerged in the 1990s and gained widespread adoption with dedicated e-readers in the 2000s. The EPUB standard, developed by IDPF and now maintained in cooperation with the W3C, helped unify formats; major storefronts and libraries shaped the market. The shift affected publishing practices, rights management, and consumer reading habits.