dielektrikumi

Dielektrikumi, also known as dielectric materials, are electrical insulators that can be polarized by an applied electric field. This means that when an electric field is present, the positive and negative charges within the dielectric material shift slightly from their equilibrium positions. This shift creates an internal electric field that opposes the external field, reducing the overall electric field within the material.

Dielectric materials are crucial components in many electrical and electronic devices. Their primary function is to prevent the flow of electric current while storing electrical energy. This property is utilized in capacitors, where a dielectric material is placed between two conductive plates. The dielectric increases the capacitance of the device, allowing it to store more charge at a given voltage. Common dielectric materials include ceramics, polymers, glass, and mica.

The ability of a dielectric material to withstand a strong electric field without breaking down is measured by its dielectric strength. If the electric field exceeds the dielectric strength, the material can become conductive, a phenomenon known as dielectric breakdown. The dielectric constant, also known as permittivity, quantifies how effectively a dielectric material can store electrical energy in an electric field. Higher dielectric constants generally indicate better insulating properties and greater energy storage capabilities in capacitors. The choice of dielectric material depends on the specific application, considering factors such as operating voltage, temperature, frequency, and desired capacitance.