dibenzofurans

Dibenzofurans are a class of polycyclic aromatic compounds consisting of a furan ring fused to two benzene rings, giving a rigid tricyclic skeleton. The parent compound, dibenzofuran, has the formula C12H8O. Structural variants arise from different fusion patterns of the benzene rings to the central furan, yielding several isomers collectively referred to as dibenzofurans.

Chemistry and properties: The fused rings confer aromatic stability and a planar structure. Substitution on the benzene rings yields many dibenzofuran derivatives with a range of electronic properties, from relatively nonpolar to moderately polarized. The parent compound is relatively electron-rich and shows characteristic UV–visible absorption.

Occurrence and synthesis: Dibenzofurans occur in trace amounts in fossil fuels and in combustion-derived samples. They can be synthesized in the laboratory via cyclization of diaryl precursors or by oxidative cyclization of diaryl ethers, among other routes.

Applications and significance: In research, dibenzofurans serve as core structures for the design of polycyclic aromatic compounds with interesting optical and electronic properties. Some derivatives are explored in organic electronics and dye chemistry.

Safety and environmental notes: Like many polycyclic aromatics, dibenzofurans and related compounds can be persistent in the environment and show potential toxicity; handling requires standard laboratory safety practices and consideration of environmental impact.