diamantmodel

The Diamantmodel, also known as Porter's Diamond Model, is a framework for analyzing why certain industries within a nation or region achieve international competitiveness. Developed by Michael E. Porter and introduced in The Competitive Advantage of Nations (1990), the model identifies four interacting determinants that shape the environment in which firms compete: factor conditions (the quality and availability of inputs such as skilled labor, infrastructure, and capital), demand conditions (the nature and sophistication of domestic buyers), related and supporting industries (the presence of capable suppliers and complementary sectors), and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry (how firms are created, organized, and compete with each other). In many formulations, government and chance are added as two additional influences that can alter the determinants.

Applications of the model include diagnosing national strengths and weaknesses, identifying opportunities to upgrade an industrial structure, and comparing national competitiveness across sectors. It has been applied to industries such as automotive, electronics, and textiles, and to country analyses of nations like Germany, Japan, and the United States.

Criticisms of the Diamantmodel include its sometimes static view of competition, challenges in measuring its determinants, and the tendency to underemphasize the role of multinational enterprises, global value chains, and cross-border knowledge flows. Some scholars extend or adapt the model to reflect globalization, regional clusters, and innovation systems.

See also: Porter's five forces, national competitive advantage, cluster theory, innovation systems.