dermatomien

Dermatomien are areas of skin innervated by sensory fibers from a single spinal nerve root. Each dermatome corresponds to a specific spinal segment, and together they create a segmented map that covers the body. The term dermatomien is used in some languages as the plural form of dermatome; in English the standard plural is dermatomes.

Anatomy and mapping can vary between individuals, but most common maps categorize dermatomes by spinal region: cervical (C2–C8), thoracic (T1–T12), lumbar (L1–L5), and sacral (S1–S5). The borders between dermatomes typically overlap, so sensation may be preserved across a border even with partial nerve involvement. Dermatomal patterns also extend to specific limbs and trunk regions, reflecting the segmental organization of the spinal cord and dorsal roots.

Clinical relevance is a central aspect of dermatomy. Dermatomes are used to localize neurological pathology, such as radiculopathy from nerve compression or nerve injury, by testing sensation at defined skin segments. Herpes zoster (shingles) characteristically produces a painful, vesicular rash confined to a dermatomal distribution. The face has its own cranial dermatomes supplied by branches of the trigeminal nerve, which are separate from spinal dermatomes and follow cranial nerve distribution.

Limitations include natural overlap between adjacent dermatomes and individual variation in map boundaries. Trauma, prior surgeries, or peripheral neuropathies can alter sensory patterns, so dermatomal assessment is one component of a broader neurological examination.