derivatsioonivormid

Derivatsioonivormid, also known as derivative forms, refer to words that are created from a base word by adding prefixes or suffixes. This process, called derivation, modifies the meaning or grammatical function of the original word. In Estonian, derivation is a very common and productive word-formation method.

For example, the noun "raamat" (book) can be derived into other words. Adding the suffix "-line" creates the adjective "raamatuline" (bookish). The suffix "-ne" can form "raamatune" (like a book), though this is less common. The prefix "ära-" can create "äramärgitud" (marked off), implying something set apart.

Derivation can change a word's part of speech. For instance, the verb "õppima" (to learn) can form the noun "õpilane" (student) by adding the suffix "-lane". Similarly, the noun "töö" (work) can become the verb "töötama" (to work) by adding the suffix "-tama".

Understanding derivatsioonivormid is crucial for comprehending the nuances of a language and for expanding vocabulary. It allows for the creation of new words to express specific concepts, making the language flexible and expressive. These forms often follow predictable patterns, making them easier to learn and recognize. The systematic nature of derivation contributes significantly to the richness and complexity of a language's lexicon.