derision

Derision is the expression of contemptuous ridicule or mockery directed at a person, idea, or group. It can be conveyed verbally through taunts, sarcasm, or scorn, or nonverbally through sneers, scoffs, or dismissive gestures. Derision aims to belittle, dismiss, or humiliate the target.

Etymology traces derision to the Latin deridēre, meaning “to laugh at, mock.” In English, derision can function as a noun or a verb (to deride). It is related to, but not identical to, terms such as ridicule, contempt, or scorn; derision emphasizes the act of ridiculing as an expression of contempt.

Derision appears in various social contexts, including everyday interactions, media, and politics. It can reinforce social norms by punishing dissent or marking outgroup members, and it can operate as a form of social sanction or peer pressure. When used as satire or critique, derision may aim to expose flaws or provoke reflection, but it carries the risk of harm and can shut down constructive dialogue if misapplied.

Psychological and social effects of derision can be significant. Repeated exposure may damage self-esteem, increase anxiety, and contribute to harassment or bullying. In group settings, derision can consolidate in-group cohesion at the expense of outsiders.

In discourse, many advocate avoiding derision in favor of respectful debate, evidence-based critique, or humor that does not target vulnerable individuals. Countermeasures include bystander intervention and fostering inclusive communication norms.