denileukin

Denileukin is a pharmaceutical drug used in the treatment of certain types of cancer. It is a type of biologic therapy, specifically a fusion protein. Denileukin diftitox, also known by the brand name Ontak, is the most commonly encountered form. It is a recombinant protein constructed by combining the gene for interleukin-2 (IL-2) with the gene for the diphtheria toxin. IL-2 is a cytokine that promotes the growth and activity of T-cells, a type of immune cell that plays a role in fighting cancer. The diphtheria toxin portion is a potent cytotoxin.

The mechanism of action of denileukin diftitox involves selectively targeting cancer cells. Interleukin-2 receptors are present on the surface of many T-cells, including malignant T-cells in certain leukemias and lymphomas. By fusing IL-2 to the diphtheria toxin, denileukin diftitox is directed to cells that express IL-2 receptors. Once bound to these receptors, the fusion protein is internalized into the cell. Inside the cell, the diphtheria toxin is released, leading to cell death. This targeted approach aims to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. Denileukin diftitox has been approved for the treatment of specific types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Side effects can include flu-like symptoms, hypersensitivity reactions, and potential organ toxicity.