demobilized

Demobilized is an adjective describing individuals who have been released from active military service or a military force that has ceased combat operations. The verb demobilize refers to the act of ending mobilization and releasing personnel from duty. Spelling variations include demobilisation in British English. Demobilization is common after wars, large-scale force reductions, or the winding down of a military operation. It commonly entails both the formal discharge of soldiers and a broader transition of the armed forces from a wartime posture to civilian life, often alongside disarmament and reintegration measures.

The demobilization process usually begins with official orders and the issuance of separation documents. Personnel may receive pensions, severance pay, or other benefits, and are assisted with relocation, housing, and job training. In addition, military inventories are reduced, weapons and equipment are surrendered or disposed of, and residues of command and organization are scaled down. In many countries, demobilization is coordinated with disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs to address the needs of former combatants and communities affected by conflict.

Historically, demobilization has been a major phase of peacebuilding after armed conflict and is often followed by reintegration initiatives to prevent unemployment, social unrest, or relapse into violence. It can apply to national armies as well as international forces withdrawing from a mission. Related concepts include demilitarization and disarmament.