defits

Defits is a fictional term used in speculative fiction to describe a class of programmable metamaterials or adaptive devices that can change form and function in response to stimuli. In most portrayals, defits consist of numerous modular units that can reconfigure themselves to create larger structures, alter mechanical properties, or adjust optical and thermal behavior.

Form and capabilities: Individual defit modules are envisioned as lightweight, nanoscale to centimeter-scale elements with embedded sensing, actuation, and communication. When connected, they can rearrange their arrangement to alter stiffness, porosity, refractive index, or energy storage capacity. Control may be local, through autonomous rules, or centralized by an artificial intelligence.

In fiction: Defits appear as a plot device in cyberpunk and near-future settings, enabling rapidly adaptable infrastructure, camouflage, or self-assembly of tools and interiors. Depictions vary from plausible extrapolations of existing research to wholly fantastical transformations.

Relation to real science: The concept draws on real research in programmable matter and metamaterials, but defits as described in fiction do not exist as a practical technology today.

See also programmable matter, metamaterials, shape memory materials.