deferoxamina

Deferoxamine, also known as deferoxamine mesylate, is an iron chelating agent used to treat iron overload and acute iron poisoning. It binds ferric iron (Fe3+) with high affinity to form ferrioxamine, a water-soluble complex that is primarily excreted in the urine. Because deferoxamine is not active when taken by mouth, it is administered parenterally—by intravenous infusion, intramuscular injection, or subcutaneous infusion, often through a pump for extended periods.

In acute iron poisoning, deferoxamine is used as an antidote when there is significant iron burden or signs of toxicity; it facilitates mobilization and enhanced elimination of iron. In chronic iron overload, such as transfusion-related siderosis in patients with conditions like thalassemia, deferoxamine is given long-term as a continuous subcutaneous infusion or intravenous infusion several days per week. Treatment duration is guided by clinical response and measurements of body iron stores, such as ferritin levels.

Common adverse effects include hypotension during rapid IV administration, allergic or anaphylactoid reactions, fever, edema, and phlebitis. Long-term use requires monitoring for hearing and vestibular toxicity, as well as potential nephrotoxicity and hepatic effects. Interactions with nephrotoxic drugs can increase renal risk, and concomitant iron therapy is contraindicated during chelation. Safety and dosing are typically managed by clinicians experienced in chelation therapy, with ongoing monitoring of iron burden and organ function.