decelularizace

Decellularizace is a process used to remove cells from biological tissues or organs while preserving the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is a complex network of proteins and other molecules that provides structural support and biochemical cues to cells. Decellularization is typically achieved using various physical, chemical, or enzymatic agents. Common methods involve detergents, acids, bases, or enzymes that disrupt cell membranes and lyse cells, releasing their contents. Subsequent washing steps remove the cellular debris.

The primary goal of decellularization is to create a biological scaffold that can be repopulated with a patient's own cells. This reduces the risk of immune rejection, a major challenge in organ transplantation. The resulting decellularized scaffold retains the native architecture and mechanical properties of the original tissue, making it suitable for regenerating damaged or diseased organs and tissues. Applications of decellularized tissues are diverse, including skin grafts for burn victims, vascular grafts, and even entire organs like bladders and tracheas. Ongoing research aims to improve decellularization techniques and expand their therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine.